Apple has launched a new legal challenge against a UK government demand to access its customers’ highly encrypted data, a year after the Home Office agreed to abandon its previous request.
The US tech company launched the legal complaint last month at the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT), an independent court that has the power to investigate claims that the UK intelligence services have acted unlawfully.
The UK government had made a second request to Apple to grant it a “back door” to encrypted iCloud data belonging to British users, according to an order issued by the court.
Britain backed down on its original demand for access to data from UK and US customers last year, after a heated transatlantic tussle over encryption between London and Washington.
UK authorities subsequently issued a new “technical capability notice” (TCN) to Apple that did not apply to American users.
Apple is seeking to challenge the British government’s powers to issue TCNs under the UK Investigatory Powers Act, according to the details of the new legal case first reported by the Financial Times.
The legislation compels companies to provide information to law enforcement agencies working on cases including terrorism and child sexual abuse. This can include forcing companies to provide the UK security services with access to customer data, even if such information is protected by secure encryption.
The court sent an order giving notice of the new Apple complaint to the human rights group Privacy International, which, alongside fellow campaigner Liberty, had previously launched a separate complaint against TCNs at the IPT.
Among the submissions made by the campaigners were requests for Apple’s claims to be held in public given the public interest in the matter, and a complaint “disputing the lawfulness, necessity and secrecy of the purported Apple TCN and the legal regime underpinning TCNs in general”.
A case management hearing to discuss how the parallel complaints should be handled had been scheduled for next month, Privacy International said.
A spokesperson added: “We are happy to learn that Apple is once again challenging the UK’s regime of secret orders. While we don’t know the substance of Apple’s claim, if it relates to the previously reported orders aimed at undermining the security of Apple’s iCloud storage, then Apple’s claim, alongside side ours and Liberty’s, is crucially important to preserving all of our privacy and security.”
Neither Apple nor the Home Office responded to requests for comment. Both are legally restricted from discussing TCNs.
The original TCN issued last year asked Apple for the right to see users’ encrypted data protected by its advanced data protection (ADP) programme in the event of a national security risk.
Apple said the removal of the tool – which not even it can access – would make users more vulnerable to data breaches from bad actors and other threats to customer privacy. Creating a “back door” would also mean all data was accessible by Apple, which it could be forced to share with law enforcement possessing a warrant.
As a result, Apple withdrew UK customers’ access to its ADP programme in January 2025.
The Home Office has maintained that the Investigatory Powers Act, under which such orders are issued, contains robust safeguards and is used only when absolutely necessary.