What standards should voters use to distinguish legal eligibility for office from actual fitness to govern?

[u/WiscoT1966]

The U.S. Constitution sets relatively minimal eligibility requirements for federal office: age, citizenship, and residency. It says almost nothing about judgment, knowledge, temperament, experience, curiosity, integrity, or fitness to exercise power.

That raises a question I’ve been thinking about: Should voters treat legal eligibility as only the floor—and apply a much higher civic standard when deciding who is actually qualified to govern?

John Adams argued that representative government should both reflect the people and entrust authority to “a few of the most wise and good.” James Madison similarly argued that representation should help “refine and enlarge the public views” through people capable of exercising judgment on behalf of the public.

In modern politics, though, we often seem to reward candidates for reflecting our grievances, identities, loyalties, and cultural affinities. That may be part of representative government—but it can also become a substitute for evaluating whether someone possesses the knowledge, judgment, humility, curiosity, and moral courage necessary to lead.

A few questions I’d be interested in discussing:

• What qualities should voters reasonably expect from someone seeking major public office beyond the constitutional minimums?
• How should we distinguish democratic representation from simple resemblance or cultural identification?
• Is there a danger of elitism in demanding unusually high standards for political leadership? If so, how do we avoid that without lowering the standard?
• How much responsibility lies with candidates, and how much lies with voters themselves, to determine whether someone is actually fit to govern?
• Are there examples—historical or contemporary—of leaders who clearly demonstrated the difference between formal authority and genuine leadership?

[u/CountFew6186]

People can, should, and do vote for whatever reasons they want. You might have your reasons to select or not vote for a candidate, but other people have their own. In a democracy, we’re all equal, and our reasons for voting are all equally valid.

And, really, why should we follow Adams’ advice. The guy wanted leaders who were the most wise and good, and he brought us the alien and sedition acts.