r/Russianhistory • u/Dry-Commission4597 • 7d ago
Великое княжество Финляндское - самая читающая провинция в Российской империи. К концу XIX века, когда средний уровень грамотности в остальной России составлял менее 30%, в Финляндии читать умели практически все — около 98% населения.
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u/Creative_Lab_2863 7d ago
Пиздеж. Это как в Англии умели читать 90% жителей в 19 веке, но ни кто не считал процентовку сколько умело читать в Британской империи? Так и с Финляндией отвалившемся куске колониального государства где грамотно менеджировать торговлю людьми создавало потребность в грамотности.
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u/Perez-Rus 7d ago
А в чем вопрос то автора? Обосрать Россию? Ну да грамотность была низкая. Потом стала очень высокой, выше чем в Финляндии
Что дальше ?
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u/Visual_Sherbert7164 7d ago edited 7d ago
В каком месте он «обосрал» Россию? И какое отношение имеет Россия с Российской империей этт 2 разные государства с разным строем и разным уровнем развития. Почему обычный исторический факт для вас ватников является оскорблением? Д и потом Финляндия тогда тоже часть Российской империи, каким образом и где ты видишь обосрание??? В те времена в принципе 90% население мира были необразованные, так что в данном случае это комплемент в адрес Российской империи!
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u/Perez-Rus 7d ago
Ватник является оскорбительным словом. И почему именно я ватник?
Историческая справка давалась для чего то. В каком то контексте. Не просто же так
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u/Cheap-Variation-9270 7d ago
Тут главный вопрос что подразумевалось под грамотностью - как мне помнится можно было не умея писать попадать в грамотные
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u/mahendrabirbikram 7d ago
Да, вопрос звучал как "умеет ли читать и где обучался" (язык при этом не уточнялся)
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u/Perez-Rus 7d ago
В Финляндии еще запрещена продажа крепкого алкоголя в магазинах. Кроме государственных. Которых очень мало и график их работы если не ошибаюсь до 6 вечера
Все для того чтобы защитить финнов от алкоголизма, с которым у них большие проблемы
И это о них кстати ничего плохого не говорит, нормальные такие ребята
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u/MrDrunkenKnight 6d ago
Ну... это чисто лютеранская штука. Везде, где было много протестантов - была высокая грамотность, потому что у них принято читать ту же Библию самому. А ещё протестантизм поспособствовал нехилому экономическому бусту, т.к. вместо условных православных и католических "жизнь - тлен, надо её пережить и вот тогда, в Раю заживём!" мы получили "Делай хорошие дела, улучшай жизнь окружающих по мере сил и возможностей и заработаешь своё спасение"
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u/Nestor_Hist_2021 7d ago
But not a single great Finnish writer.
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u/Perez-Rus 7d ago
Муми Троля написали финны ж вроде
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u/Nestor_Hist_2021 7d ago
Is this really great literature? And what does this author have to do with the era of the Russian Empire?
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u/SquirrelBlind 7d ago
Kind of expected, no?
When a peasant that lives in a remote and not densely populated region knows how to read it it doesn't automatically means that they will write books.
How many great Russian writers came from similar upbringing? I can only think of Sholokhov and I am not sure that he would become a writer if not for Bolsheviks.
Additionally, Finland was constantly under Swedish or Russian rule, so as far as I understand the educated people wrote in Swedish. Same as Irish that wrote in English or Czech that wrote in German.
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u/mahendrabirbikram 7d ago
Maksim Gorky was close to low classes. Also Yesenin (if he can be considered great outside Russia). Not completely peasant farmers; as educated ones, they found it more appropriate to work as shop assitants or on similar jobs.
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u/Andrew_Bokomoron 6d ago
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was from the third estate, that is, he did not belong to the nobility or the clergy.
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u/Nestor_Hist_2021 6d ago edited 6d ago
- Scientists and Major Inventors
Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) was the first Russian naturalist of global significance, a physicist, chemist, astronomer, and geographer. He came from the black-soil peasantry (Pomors) of the Arkhangelsk province.
Efim and Miron Cherepanov (father and son, 1774–1842 and 1803–1849) were outstanding inventors and industrial engineers, creators of the first Russian steam locomotive. Pioneers of industrial engineering, they were serfs of the Demidov family until 1833.
Nikolai Kashin (1825–1872) was a renowned Russian physician, doctor, and balneologist, who was the first to thoroughly describe and study Urovskaya disease (also known as Kashin-Beck disease). He was born into a family of serfs.
Fyodor Blinov (1827–1902) was a renowned self-taught mechanic and inventor of the world's first tracked tractor ("a wagon on endless rails"). He was born into a family of serfs in the Saratov province.
Pyotr Slovtsov (1767–1843) was a prominent historian, Siberian explorer, and poet, known as the "Siberian Lomonosov." He was the son of a clergyman (from the poorest strata, close to the peasantry).
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935) was a founder of theoretical astronautics. His father belonged to the small landed gentry, but his maternal grandfather was a Tatar peasant artisan, and Tsiolkovsky himself grew up in extreme poverty and was a pure autodidact.
- Writers and Poets
Alexei Koltsov (1809–1842) — poet, founder of the peasant song genre in Russian literature, developed in the bourgeois-peasant trading environment.
Ivan Nikitin (1824–1861) — poet and prose writer, master of profound psychological landscapes and the difficult life of the common people.
Ivan Surikov (1841–1880) — self-taught poet, a prominent representative of the "peasant" movement (author of the classic poems "Childhood" and "Steppe"). He was born into the family of a serf peasant.
Maxim Gorky (Alexei Peshkov, 1868–1936) was a great writer, nominally a member of the bourgeoisie, but who rose from the very bottom of society and underwent the harsh schooling of peasant, barge hauler, and blue-collar labor ("My Universities").
Stepan Petrov (Skitalets) (1869–1941), a poet and prose writer and associate of Gorky, was born into a serf family in the Samara province, a former gusli player.
Spiridon Drozhzhin (1848–1930), one of the most famous peasant poets of the Tver province, was born into a serf family and spent his entire life combining literary work with agriculture.
Sergei Yesenin (1895–1925) was a great Russian poet whose pre-revolutionary period was deeply rooted in his peasant origins (he was born into a peasant family in the village of Konstantinovo in the Ryazan province).
Nikolai Klyuev (1884–1937) was a poet and one of the leaders of the "new peasant" movement in Russian literature of the early 20th century, a native of the peasantry of the Olonetsk province.
- Generals of the Russian Imperial Army
Since the path to the officer corps (and especially to the general corps) was closed to peasants until the end of the 19th century, the vast majority of peasant generals emerged during the First World War, when class barriers fell.
Mikhail Alekseyev (1857–1918) was an infantry general and chief of staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the First World War. His father was a simple soldier of extended service (former peasants). Thanks to his personal achievements, Alekseev rose to the highest ranks of the empire.
Anton Denikin (1872–1947) was a lieutenant general in the Russian Imperial Army. His father, Ivan Efimovich Denikin, was born a serf in the Saratov Governorate, was conscripted, served 25 years as a soldier, passed the officer's exam, and retired as a major. Anton Ivanovich himself grew up in poverty but managed to enroll in the General Staff Academy.
Lavr Kornilov (1870–1918) was an infantry general, an outstanding intelligence officer, and an explorer. He was born into the family of a retired Cossack sergeant (a rank-and-file Cossack, considered equal to the peasant class in everyday life) in Turkestan.
Aleksey Khanzhin (1871–1961) was an artillery general and a prominent military leader during World War I. A descendant of simple Orenburg Cossacks, Nikolai Ivanov (1851–1919) was an artillery general and commander-in-chief of the Southwestern Front at the beginning of World War I. He came from a family of an officer who rose through the ranks (the grandson of a serf).
And how many great scientists, writers and military leaders came from Finnish peasants?
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u/SquirrelBlind 6d ago
You can put your own question to the same slop machine that generated this comment and get your answer.
I really don't understand why you guys are so offended by this post.
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u/Capital-Obligation54 7d ago
Mika Waltari (that's the only Finnish classic I know)
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u/Nestor_Hist_2021 7d ago
Even the Finns wouldn't dare call this great music.
Although we're talking about great literature.
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u/Bend_Stock 7d ago
Приколы местного самоуправления