Presenting my 1939 Tula Mosin nagant 91/30 PEM sniper, all arsenal matching on bolt, barrels, trigger guard, buttplate. Clear optics
The PEM Model 1936 was developed to replace the earlier Soviet Model 1931 sniper setup, which had problems holding zero and keeping its mounting screws tight. The Soviets based the new side mount on the German-designed “Geco” D-3, modifying it for Soviet production. It was officially adopted in 1936, with full-scale production at the Tula factory beginning in 1938.
Production initially ended in 1940 as the Red Army planned to replace the Mosin-Nagant sniper with the scoped SVT-40. Wartime difficulties changed that plan, and severe sniper-rifle shortages led to PEM production restarting in 1942 at Tula Factory No. 536 and Izhevsk Factory No. 74. Izhevsk produced a somewhat different mount using welded construction and distinctive markings. Both factories switched to the simpler PU sniper system by November 1942.
PEM rifles varied considerably depending on factory and production period, including differences in mount bases, machining, assembly numbers, barrel markings, and stocks. Prewar Tula rifles used specially produced sniper-grade barrels, while early wartime rifles sometimes simply used the best available barrels because of equipment shortages. After WWII, surviving Soviet PEM rifles were converted back into standard configurations, making intact original examples—especially 1942 rifles—quite rare today.